Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on sleep disturbance scale for children: A longitudinal CASE-series study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) with maxillary atresia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 27 paediatric patients evaluated through a Brazilian version of the SDSC, answered by their guardians at the following experimental time points: T0 (before installing the Hyrax expander), T1 (on the day of expander stabilization), T2 (3 months after expander stabilization), T3 (immediately after expander removal, following 6 months of retention), and T4 (3 months post-retention). Multilevel Poisson analysis adjusted for repeated measures was performed to compare outcomes across the assessment time points. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 9.1 years (SD = 1.46). The total SDSC scores decreased and were statistically significant from T2 onwards (P < .01), with a decrease of 24% at T4 compared with T1 (IRR 0.76; 95% CI 0.69-0.84). The mean scores at T4 were already lower than the cutoff point for risk of sleep disorders. Regarding the specific domains, there was a significant reduction in sleep breathing disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders, and disorders of excessive somnolence as of T2 (P < .01), T3 (P < .05) and T4 (P < .05), respectively. CONCLUSION: RME in children with maxillary atresia had a positive effect on the reduction of total SDSC scores after 3 months of expander stabilization, sustained over 6 and 9 months and significant reduction in sleep breathing disorders domain, sleep-wake transition disorders domain, and disorders of excessive somnolence domain over time points.

Influence of the practice of sports, sleep disorders, and habits on probable sleep bruxism in children with mixed dentition.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between sleep disorders and probable sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 schoolchildren in Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the sleep disturbance scale for children, and the Circadian Energy Scale. Parafunctional habits were evaluated using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening. Multivariate logistic regression was performed (α = 5%), and a directed acyclic graph was used in the statistical model. RESULTS: The prevalence of probable SB was 9.1% and 58.6% of the children had sleep disorders. In the final model, having unmarried parents/guardians (OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.07-3.65), exhibiting parafunctional habits (OR = 2.02; CI: 1.01-4.06), not practicing sports (OR = 1.92; CI: 1.04-3.54), sleep-wake transition disorders (SWTD) (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.12-3.62), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (OR = 2.17; 95%CI: 1.11-4.29) were significant associated with probable SB. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of probable sleep bruxism was influenced by the marital status of the parents/guardians, parafunctional habits, the non-practice of sports, and sleep disturbance (SWTD and EDS). This research contributes to the planning of public policies that include educational regimens at school to prevent sleep disorders and favor the reduction in sleep bruxism prevalence.

Evaluation of the association between self-reported sleep bruxism and chronotype and sleep quality among dental students / Avaliação da associação entre cronotipo, qualidade do sono e autorrelato de bruxismo do sono entre estudantes universitários de Odontologia

ABSTRACT Background Sleep bruxism (BS) is defined as involuntary jaw movements characterized by grinding and clenching teeth. Objective To verify the association between chronotype, sleep quality, and self-reporting of BS in dental students. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 214 undergraduate dental students at a public university in northeast Brazil. The participants answered the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for the identification of chronotype and another questionnaire regarding daily aspects to collect information about sleep quality, self-reported sleep bruxism, the use of sleeping pills, snoring, concentration during daily activities and energy upon waking. Results The prevalence of self-reported sleep bruxism was 11.0%. In the final model, the eveningness chronotype (OR = 23.00; 95% CI: 2.36-223.84, p = 0.007), habitual snoring (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.31-7.39, p = 0.01) and low energy upon waking in the morning (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.96-5.58, p = 0.040) were associated with self-reported sleep bruxism. Conclusion The evening chronotype, presence of snoring, and low energy when waking up in the morning influenced self-reporting of sleep bruxism among undergraduate dental students.

RESUMO Introdução O bruxismo do sono (BS) é definido como movimentos involuntários da mandíbula caracterizados por ranger e apertar os dentes. Objetivo Verificar se o cronotipo e a qualidade do sono estão associados ao autorrelato de BS em graduandos de Odontologia. Método Um estudo transversal com 214 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Nordeste do Brasil. Os participantes responderam ao Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire para identificar os cronotipos e outro questionário sobre aspectos diários em que foram coletadas informações sobre qualidade do sono, autorrelato de bruxismo do sono, uso de pílulas para dormir, ronco, concentração nas atividades diárias, energia ao acordar. Resultados A prevalência de autorrelato do bruxismo do sono foi de 11,0%. No modelo final, o cronotipo noturno (OR = 23,00; 95% IC: 2.36-223.84, p = 0,007), o hábito de roncar (OR = 3,12; 95% IC: 1.31-7.39, p = 0,01) e o baixo nível de energia ao acordar pela manhã (OR = 2,37; 95% IC: 1.96-5.58, p = 0,04) estiveram associados com o autorrelato de BS. Conclusão O cronotipo noturno, a presença do ronco e a baixa energia ao se levantar pela manhã influenciaram o autorrelato de bruxismo do sono entre os estudantes de graduação em Odontologia.

Association between Level of Parental Oral Health Literacy and the Rational Use of Fluoride for Children from 0 to 4 Years of Age after Instruction: An Intervention Trial.

An inadequate level of oral health literacy (OHL) can hinder the understanding of dental information, which can have a negative impact on health promotion actions, such as the rational use of fluoride. The aims of the present study were (1) to look for association between parents/guardians' OHL and the amount of fluoride toothpaste used for children from zero to four years of age; (2) to compare the effect of different modes of educational interventions on the amount of fluoride toothpaste used for children from zero to four years of age; and (3) to assess the ability of parents/guardians to choose a toothpaste with adequate fluoride concentration, after the educational intervention. A randomized intervention study was conducted with parents/guardians of children from zero to four years of age (n = 145). The participants answered the Oral Health Literacy Adults Questionnaire and a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics. The participants were allocated to four intervention groups based on type of counseling (written, oral, written + photograph, and oral + photograph), with randomization stratified by level of OHL. The participants were instructed to place the adequate amount of toothpaste on a toothbrush for children from zero to four years of age (smear of 0.125 mg) before and after the intervention. The correct choice of toothpaste was also evaluated by the interpretation of the labels of four toothpastes of different brands and with different concentrations of fluoride. Associations between variables were tested using the Student's t test and one-way ANOVA. Level of OHL was associated with the amount of fluoride toothpaste deposited prior to the educational intervention (p = 0.021) and the percentage of approximation to the appropriate amount of fluoride toothpaste (p < 0.05). The choice of toothpaste was associated with schooling (p = 0.031). In conclusion, parents/guardians with adequate OHL better quantified fluoride toothpaste before and after the educational intervention and also came closer to the appropriate amount of toothpaste after the educational intervention. No significant differences in the final amount of toothpaste placed on the toothbrush were found among the intervention groups. The choice of the correct toothpaste was associated with a higher level of schooling.

Association Between Probable Awake Bruxism and School Bullying in Children and Adolescents: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between probable awake bruxism (PAB) and school bullying in children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 380 children and adolescents enrolled in public and private schools in the city of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, participated in this case-control study. The case group (190 children with PAB) and the control group (190 children without PAB) were matched for sex and age. Data acquisition involved questionnaires administered to the children/adolescents and their parents/caregivers. An oral clinical examination to assess attrition tooth wear was also performed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses (95 percent confidence interval [95% CI], P<0.05) were conducted. Results: Among the 380 participants, 176 (46.3 percent) were male and 204 (53.7 percent) were female. Children and adolescents who were involved in bullying episodes as victims/bullies (odds ratio [OR] equals 2.92, 95% CI equals 1.07 to 7.95, P=0.036) and victims (OR equals 1.93, 95% CI equals 1.04 to 3.57, P=0.037) were significantly associated with PAB. Children and adolescents who reported sleep problems (OR equals 2.51, 95% CI equals 1.07 to 5.89, P=0.033) were significantly associated with PAB. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was observed that probable awake bruxism is associated with involvement in episodes of school bullying and sleep problems.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality and sleep bruxism in children eight to ten years of age.

This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality and possible sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age. The study hypothesis was that sleep disturbances influenced a higher occurrence of bruxism during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal study was conducted at two time points: in person prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (T1), and online during the pandemic (T2). The sample comprised 105 children. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, the use of electronic devices, reported (vs. clinical) SB, and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) at both T1 and T2. McNemar's and Wilcoxon's tests were used to compare SB and sleep disorders at both time points. Poisson regression analysis determined the relative risk (RR) among the variables, and the incidence of possible SB (p≤0.05). The comparison of the two time points (T1 and T2) revealed a significant increase in possible SB (p<0.01) and sleep disorders (p < 0.04). Children whose parents had a lower schooling level (RR: 2.67; 95%CI: 1.19-6.01), those with their own electronic devices (RR: 1.97; 95%CI: 1.09-2.50), and those with sleep disorders during the pandemic (RR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.35-2.24) were at greater risk of developing SB during the pandemic. Moreover, the incidence of bruxism and sleep disorders was greater during the pandemic. The factors influencing SB incidence during the pandemic were a lower level of mothers' schooling, greater access to electronic devices, and the occurrence of sleep disorders.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality and sleep bruxism in children eight to ten years of age

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality and possible sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age. The study hypothesis was that sleep disturbances influenced a higher occurrence of bruxism during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal study was conducted at two time points: in person prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (T1), and online during the pandemic (T2). The sample comprised 105 children. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, the use of electronic devices, reported (vs. clinical) SB, and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) at both T1 and T2. McNemar's and Wilcoxon's tests were used to compare SB and sleep disorders at both time points. Poisson regression analysis determined the relative risk (RR) among the variables, and the incidence of possible SB (p≤0.05). The comparison of the two time points (T1 and T2) revealed a significant increase in possible SB (p<0.01) and sleep disorders (p < 0.04). Children whose parents had a lower schooling level (RR: 2.67; 95%CI: 1.19-6.01), those with their own electronic devices (RR: 1.97; 95%CI: 1.09-2.50), and those with sleep disorders during the pandemic (RR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.35-2.24) were at greater risk of developing SB during the pandemic. Moreover, the incidence of bruxism and sleep disorders was greater during the pandemic. The factors influencing SB incidence during the pandemic were a lower level of mothers' schooling, greater access to electronic devices, and the occurrence of sleep disorders.

Associação entre o alfabetismo funcional e o reconhecimento da palavra bruxismo em adolescentes / Association between functional literacy and the recognition of the word bruxism in adolescents

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre alfabetismo funcional e o reconhecimento da palavra "bruxismo" entre adolescentes. Métodos: Foi um estudo transversal realizado em uma cidade de porte médio no Brasil. A amostra consistiu em 375 escolares de 12 anos e 368 de 15 a 19 anos selecionados aleatoriamente. Dois examinadores calibrados (Kappa > 0,80) aplicaram o instrumento de alfabetismo em saúde bucal validado para adolescentes o Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry ­ BREALD-30 e o reconhecimento da palavra "bruxismo" foi utilizado como variável dependente, além de um questionário sobre o alfabetismo funcional (Índice de Alfabetismo Funcional ­INAF). Os pais/cuidadores responderam um questionário sociodemográfico. Foi realizada análise não-ajustada e regressão logística para amostras complexas(p < 0,05). Resultados: No modelo final, os adolescentes de 12 anos que tiveram mais chances de não reconhecer a palavra "bruxismo" foram os de escola pública (OR = 2,83; 95% IC: 1,79-4,46; p = 0,001), sem plano de saúde (OR = 2,02; 95% IC: 1,21-3,37; p = 0,007) e com menor nível de alfabetismo funcional (OR = 2,66; 95% IC: 1,66-4,26; p < 0,001). Adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos que tiveram maior chance de não reconhecer a palavra "bruxismo" foram os com menor nível de alfabetismo funcional (OR = 3,29; 95% IC: 1,93-5,60; p < 0,001), que residiam com mais pessoas em casa (OR = 2,04; 95% IC: 1,02-4,11; p = 0,040), que tinham pais/responsáveis com baixo nível de escolaridade (OR = 1,97; 95% IC: 1,15-3,36; p = 0,013) e que nunca foram ao dentista (OR = 3,08;95% IC: 1,26-7,52; p = 0,03). Conclusão:O reconhecimento do termo "bruxismo" entre os adolescentes de 12 anos foi influenciado pela presença deplano de saúde e por um maior nível de alfabetismo funcional. Na faixa etária maior, o maior nível de alfabetismo funcional, o menor número de pessoas em casa, a maior escolaridade do responsável e a ida ao dentista influenciaram no reconhecimento do termo.

Aim: To evaluate the association between functional literacy and the recognition of the word "bruxism" among adolescentes.Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in a mid-sized city in Brazil. The sample consisted of 375 schoolchildren, age 12, and 368, aged 15 to 19 years, selected at random. Two calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.80) applied the oral health literacy instrument, validated for adolescents, the "Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry" (BREALD-30) and the recognition of the word "bruxism" was used as a dependent variable, in addition to a questionnaire on functional literacy (Functional Literacy Index ­ INAF). Parents/caregivers answered a sociodemographic questionnaire. Unadjusted analysis and logistic regression were performed for complex samples (p < 0.05). Results: In the final model, the 12-year-old adolescents who were most likely not to recognize the word "bruxism" were those from public schools (OR = 2.83; 95% CI: 1.79-4.46; p = 0.001), without health insurance (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.21-3.37; p = 0.007), and with a lower level of functional literacy (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1, 66-4.26; p < 0.001). Adolescents, aged 15 to 19, who had a greater chance of not recognizing the word "bruxism" were those with the lowest level of functional literacy (OR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.93-5.60; p < 0.001), who lived with more people at home (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.02-4.11; p = 0.040), who had parents/guardians with a low level of education (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.15-3.36; p = 0.013). and who had never been to the dentist (OR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.26-7.52; p = 0.03). Conclusion: The recognition of the term "bruxism" among 12-year-olds was influenced by the presence of a health plan and a higher level of functional literacy. In the older age group, the higher level of functional literacy, the smaller number of people at home, the higher level of education of the person in charge, and the individual's visit to the dentist influenced the recognition of the term.

Do family functioning and mothers' and children's stress increase the odds of probable sleep bruxism among schoolchildren? A case control study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and associated factors in schoolchildren. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted with a representative sample of 320 schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years. The case group (160 children with PSB) and the control group (160 children without PSB) were matched for sex and age at a proportion of 1:1. Information on audible characteristics of PSB, harmful oral habits, and socio-demographic characteristics as collected through questionnaires answered by the parents/caregivers. The family functioning of children was measured through The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES III). Mothers self-administered the Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory (LSSI) for adults to measure mothers' stress and the children filled out the Child Stress Scale (CSS) to measure the children stress. Data analysis used descriptive and logistic regression analyses (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Among the children with stress, 67.3% had PSB. Children with stress (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.18-4.19), those with a history of nail biting (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.39-3.55), and biting objects (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.09-2.87) were more likely to have PSB. CONCLUSION: Childhood stress and a history of nail biting or biting objects are important signs to be considered in schoolchildren with PBS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results alert that the PBS might be a sign of stress and other psychological problems such as tension and anxiety related to the presence of harmful oral habits. Furthermore, the results could help in the targeting of anamnesis, improved prevention and treatment strategies for sleep bruxism which should involve an interdisciplinary approach.

Risk factors associated with reported bruxism among children and adolescents with Down Syndrome.

Objective: Identify factors associated with the prevalence of reported bruxism in children/adolescents with Down Syndrome (DS). Methods: The study included 112 children/adolescents with DS and their parents/caregivers. Oral habits, pacifier/finger sucking, upper respiratory infections (

Severe malocclusion negatively impacts adolescents' quality of life

Aim: To assess the impact of severe malocclusion on adolescents' oral health- related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: This study consisted of a sample of 117 adolescents between 11 and 12 years, who answered the Brazilian version of the short form of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14 ). This questionnaire has 16 items distributed equally across four domains: oral symptoms (OS), functional limitations (FL), emotional well-being (EW) and social well-being (SW). Higher scores indicate a greater negative impact on OHRQoL. Malocclusion was evaluated using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Adolescents were assigned to the following categories: no or slight malocclusion, defined malocclusion and severe malocclusion. Descriptive analysis, the Kruskal Wallis test, post hoc test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted. Results: Individuals with severe malocclusion presented significantly higher scores than those with no or slight malocclusion for the EW ( p =0.001), SW ( p =0.027) and for the overall CPQ 11-14 score ( p =0.015). Adolescents with severe malocclusion showed a 2.63 greater chance of presenting a high negative impact on OHRQoL than those with no or slight malocclusion regardless of the confounding variables (CI=1.07­6.45, p =0.035). Conclusion: Severe malocclusion negatively impacts adolescents' OHRQoL.

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da má oclusão severa na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de adolescentes (OHRQoL). Métodos: Este estudo consistiu em uma amostra de 117 adolescentes entre 11 e 12 anos, que responderam à versão brasileira da forma abreviada do Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11- 14). Este questionário tem 16 itens distribuídos igualmente em quatro domínios: sintomas bucais (SO), limitações funcionais (LF), bem-estar emocional (BE) e bem- estar social (BS). Escores mais altos indicam um impacto negativo maior na OHRQoL. A má oclusão foi avaliada por meio do Índice Estético Dental. Os adolescentes foram alocados nas seguintes categorias: sem má oclusão/má oclusão leve, má oclusão definitiva e má oclusão severa. Análise descritiva, teste de Kruskal Wallis, teste de Dunn, regressão logística univariada e multivariada foram conduzidas. Resultados: Indivíduos com má oclusão severa apresentaram escores significativamente mais elevados do que aqueles sem má oclusão/má oclusão leve para o BE ( p =0,001), BS ( p =0,027) e para o escore total do CPQ11-14 ( p =0,015). Adolescentes com má oclusão severa apresentaram 2,63 vezes mais chance de apresentar um impacto negativo alto na OHRQoL do que aqueles sem má oclusão/má oclusão leve, independentemente das variáveis de confusão (IC=1,07-6,45, p =0,035). Conclusão: A má oclusão severa afeta negativamente a OHRQoL dos adolescentes.

Association between malocclusion severity and psychosocial issues among adolescents / Asociación entre gravedad de maloclusión y problemas psicosociales en adolescentes

Aim: To evaluate the association between malocclusion severity and psychosocial issues among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: The study sample consisted of 120 adolescents between 11 and 12 years, patients at the Dental School of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. Psychosocial issues were assessed by means of two questions, through which the adolescents were asked about whether a classmate had teased or called them names due to the condition of their teeth, or whether the adolescents had felt upset due to their teeth. The higher the response scores the greater the psychosocial impact. Malocclusion was evaluated with the Dental Aest-hetic. Index, with assignment of individuals to the following sub-groups: mild malocclusion (DAI≤25), moderate malocclusion (DAI=26­30), definite malocclusion (DAI=31­35) and severe malocclusion (DAI≥36). Results: Adolescents' mean age was 11.50 years. The more severe the malocclusion the greater the frequency of episodes of teasing or name-calling because of the condition of the teeth (p=0.010), and the greater the frequency of episodes when the adolescents had felt upset due to their teeth (p=0.001). Individuals with severe malocclusion had a higher frequency of episodes during which they were teased or called names due to the condition of their teeth when compared to individuals with mild malocclusion (p=0.013). Individuals with severe malocclusion had a higher frequency of episodes in which they felt upset due to their teeth when compared to individuals with mild malocclusion (p<0.001), individuals with moderate malocclusion (p=0.002), and those with defined malocclusion (p=0.001). Conclusion: Severe malocclusion was associated with psychosocial issues among adolescents.

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la gravedad de la maloclusión y los problemas psicosociales en adolescentes brasileños. Métodos: La muestra de estudio consistió en 120 adolescentes entre 11 y 12 años, pacientes de la Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais. Los problemas psicosociales se evaluaron mediante dos preguntas, a través de las cuales se preguntó a los adolescentes si un compañero de clase se había burlado de ellos o les habían insultado debido a la condición de sus dientes, o si los adolescentes se habían sentido molestos debido a sus dientes. Cuanto mayor la puntuación de la respuesta, mayor el impacto psicosocial. La maloclusión se evaluó con el Índice de Estética Dental y se asignó los siguientes subgrupos: maloclusión leve (DAI≤25), maloclusión moderada (DAI=26-30), maloclusión definida (DAI=31-35) y maloclusión grave (DAI≥36). Resultados: la edad media de los adolescentes fue de 11,50 años. Cuanto más grave la maloclusión, mayor la frecuencia de episodios de burlas o insultos debido a la condición de los dientes (p=0.010) y mayor la frecuencia de episodios cuando el adolescente se ha sentido molesto debido a sus dientes (p=0.001). Las personas con maloclusión severa tuvieron una mayor frecuencia de episodios durante los cuales fueron objeto de burlas o se les insultó y les dio nombres debido a la condición de sus dientes en comparación con las personas con maloclusión leve (p=0.013). Los individuos con maloclusión severa tuvieron una mayor frecuencia de episodios en los que se sintieron molestos debido a sus dientes en comparación con individuos con maloclusión leve (p<0,001), individuos con maloclusión moderada (p=0,002) y aquellos con maloclusión definida (p=0.001). Conclusión: la maloclusión grave se asoció con problemas psicosociales en adolescentes.

Possible sleep bruxism, circadian preference, and sleep-related characteristics and behaviors among dental students.

Objective: To assess sleep bruxism prevalence and its association with circadian preference and sleep-related characteristics among dental students. Methods: Dental students of the Federal University of Minas Gerais participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants answered a scale assessing individuals' circadian preference, and a questionnaire regarding sleep-related characteristics and behaviors, history of muscle ache in the temporomandibular area, and history of bruxism. Results: One hundred fifty-two students participated in the study. Sleep bruxism was reported by 11.3%. Most students (63.2%) were classified as intermediary, 34.9% as morningness, and 1.3% as eveningness. Individuals who reported muscle ache in the temporomandibular area in the morning (PR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.1-11.5) were more likely to be in the group with sleep bruxism. Conclusion: Muscle ache in the temporomandibular area is an important associated factor with sleep bruxism among dental students. Special attention should be paid to dental students' circadian preference.

Prevalence of probable sleep bruxism and associated factors in Brazilian schoolchildren.

AIM: To determine the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (PSB) and associated factors among schoolchildren. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 440 schoolchildren. The children were submitted to a clinical oral examination for the evaluation of tooth wear and/or muscle discomfort. Parents/caregivers filled out a questionnaire with information related to characteristic sounds of sleep bruxism, sociodemographic factors, and the presence of harmful oral habits of children. The stress of the mothers was measured through the Lipp's Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI) instrument. The child's stress was measured through the Child Stress Scale (CSS). Data analysis included descriptive analysis and hierarchical Poisson regression (95% CI, P < 0.05). RESULTS: The prevalence of PSB was 40.0% (n = 176). The final Poisson regression model showed that PSB was significantly more prevalent in children with a history of nail biting (PR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.19-1.90; P = 0.001) and biting objects (PR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03-1.63; P = 0.025) and less prevalent among girls (PR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63-0.98; P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PSB in schoolchildren was high. Schoolchildren with a history of nail biting and biting objects had a higher prevalence of PSB.

Association among chronotype, dietary behaviours, and caries experience in Brazilian adolescents: Is there a behavioural pattern?

BACKGROUND: Dental caries (DC) remains a public health issue. Chronotype, diet, and oral hygiene may influence its development. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of chronotype, diet, oral hygiene, and DC among 12-year-olds. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 245 adolescents was conducted in public and private schools in southeast Brazil. Sociodemographics, dietary and oral hygiene habits were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Chronotype was assessed using the Portuguese version of the Puberty and Phase Preference Scale (PPPS). Subjects were examined for DC (WHO criteria). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: DC was present in 42.0% of the sample. In the bivariate analysis, a higher DMFT was associated with living in rural areas (P = 0.006), parents'/caregivers' lower schooling (P = 0.008), and a not daily intake of vegetables (P = 0.033). Chronotype was not associated with DMFT scores. The Poisson regression model showed that adolescents who did not have breakfast regularly (PR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.17-2.08; P = 0.003), lived in rural areas (PR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.59-3.04; P < 0.001) and did not consume vegetables daily (PR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.11-2.17; P = 0.009) were more likely to present a higher DMFT. CONCLUSIONS: DC is associated to living in rural areas and dietary habits, such as not having breakfast regularly and lack of daily intake of vegetables.

Prevalence of self-reported awake and sleep bruxism among dental students

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of self-reported awake and sleep bruxism and its association to sleep characteristics among dental students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 153 students of a Brazilian Dental School. Students who accepted to participate answered a questionnaire evaluating their sex, age, place of living, paid work, nocturnal paid work, hours of sleep per night, time to fall asleep, sleep quality, if participant had a bedroom partner, if participant is quiet on bed while sleeping and intake of sleep medication. Information on intake of energy drink, if participant wake up overnight, if participant wake up tired and it has been difficult to concentrate on daily activities was also collected. Awake and sleep bruxism was based on self-report. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were carried out. Results: Most students were female (73%) and mean age was 21 years old (±3.25). The prevalence of self-reported awake and sleep bruxism was 36.5% and 11.3%, respectively. Most participants rated their sleep quality as good (57.2%) and reported that they woke up feeling tired (52.6%). Intake of sleep medication in the last 30 days (P=0.002), waking up overnight and taking over an hour to sleep again in the last 30 days (P=0.005) and waking up feeling tired (p=0.012) were associated factors to self-reported awake bruxism. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-reported awake bruxism was higher than the prevalence of sleep bruxism among dental students. Intake of sleep medication, waking up overnight and taking over an hour to sleep again and waking up tired were can be indicators of the presence of awake bruxism in dental students.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de bruxismo em vigília e do sono e sua associação com características do sono em estudantes de odontologia. Métodos: Ao todo 153 estudantes de uma Faculdade de Odontologia brasileira foram convidados a participar desse estudo transversal, respondendo a um questionário avaliando sexo, idade, endereço, realização de trabalho remunerado e/ou trabalho noturno remunerado, horas de sono por noite, tempo para adormecer, qualidade do sono, sono agitado e a presença de um colega de quarto. A ingestão de bebida energética e pílulas para dormir, o histórico de acordar durante a noite, acordar sentindo-se cansado e dificuldades de concentração nas atividades diárias também foram avaliadas. O diagnóstico de bruxismo baseou-se no auto-relato. Foi realizada a análise descritiva e teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 21 anos (±3,25) e 73% eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência do bruxismo em vigília foi de 36,8% e bruxismo do sono foi de 11,3%. A maioria dos participantes, 57,2%, classificou a qualidade do sono como boa, porém 52,6% relataram que acordavam cansados. O uso de medicamento para dormir nos últimos 30 dias (P=0.002), acordar durante a noite e demorar mais de uma hora para dormir novamente nos últimos 30 dias (P=0.005) e acordar sentindo-se cansado (P=0.012) foram fatores associados ao bruxismo em vigília auto-relatado. Conclusão: A prevalência de bruxismo em vigília foi maior que a prevalência do bruxismo do sono em estudantes de odontologia. O uso de medicamento para dormir, acordar durante a noite e demorar mais de uma hora para dormir e acordar sentindo-se cansado podem ser fatores indicadores da presença de bruxismo em vigília em estudantes de odontologia.

Influence of nonnutritive sucking habits, breathing pattern and adenoid size on the development of malocclusion.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of finger and pacifier-sucking habits, breathing pattern, and adenoid size with the development of malocclusion in primary dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was carried out involving 300 preschool children, ages 3 to 6 years, randomly selected from 10 public and 10 private preschools from a large representative sample of 745 children. The study was developed to identify risk factors associated with the development of malocclusion. The case group (n = 150) was composed of individuals with at least one of the following malocclusions: anterior open bite, posterior crossbite, or overjet of more than 3 mm. The control group (n = 150) was made up of individuals without malocclusions. Other variables were assessed through questionnaires about oral habits, including the use of a dummy, finger sucking, duration of these habits; mouth-breathing analysis; and a lateral cephalometric radiograph to evaluate the airway obstruction related to the adenoids. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was P < .05. RESULTS: The risk factors for the occurrence of malocclusion in preschool children were duration of pacifier-sucking after 2 years of age (OR = 14.7) and mouth-breathing pattern (OR = 10.9). No significant associations were found between hypertrophied adenoids or finger-sucking habits and the occurrence of malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS: The malocclusion in the primary dentition in preschool children was directly related to the duration of pacifier-sucking after 2 years of age and the mouth-breathing pattern.

A importância da promoção de saúde bucal em escolares: avaliação dos dez anos de um projeto de extensão da FO-UFMG / The importance of promoting oral health among school children: evaluation after ten years of the FO-UFMG extension project

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um programa de atenção odontológica a escolares, durante seus 10 anos de funcionamento, a fim de determinar sua eficácia e contribuição para a saúde bucal da comunidade, obtendo-se também a determinação do perfil dos pacientes atendidos. Foram selecionadas 400 fichas clínicas de crianças atendidas neste período, sendo analisados os seguintes itens: IHO (Índice de Higiene Oral), levantamento global de necessidades, procedimentos executados (curativos, preventivos, educativos, endodônticos e cirúrgicos), comportamento na primeira consulta, idade, sexo, data dos atendimentos e fator sócio-econômico e cultural. Da análise realizada, concluiu-se que a maioria das crianças era do sexo masculino e a faixa etária predominante era de 7 a 9 anos e que o comportamento dessas crianças na primeira consulta melhorou ao longo dos anos. Tanto o número de lesões cariosas iniciais e cavitadas quanto o Índice de Higiene Oral foram reduzidos. Dentre os procedimentos curativos, observou-se que a quantidade de restaurações executadas diminuiu, demonstrando menor necessidade de procedimentos invasivos. Procedimentos preventivos e educativos foram freqüentemente realizados, visando à promoção de saúde. Portanto, houve mudança de perfil dos pacientes nos últimos 10 anos, demonstrando a eficácia desse tipo de programa de atenção odontológica